The File System (FS) shell includes various shell-like commands that directly interact with the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) as well as other file systems that Hadoop supports, such as Local FS, HFTP FS, S3 FS, and others. The FS shell is invoked by:
bin/hadoop fs <args>
All FS shell commands take path URIs as arguments. The URI format is scheme://authority/path. For HDFS the scheme is hdfs, and for the Local FS the scheme is file. The scheme and authority are optional. If not specified, the default scheme specified in the configuration is used. An HDFS file or directory such as /parent/child can be specified as hdfs://namenodehost/parent/child or simply as /parent/child (given that your configuration is set to point to hdfs://namenodehost).
Most of the commands in FS shell behave like corresponding Unix commands. Differences are described with each of the commands. Error information is sent to stderr and the output is sent to stdout.
If HDFS is being used, hdfs dfs is a synonym.
See the Commands Manual for generic shell options.
Usage: hadoop fs -appendToFile <localsrc> ... <dst>
Append single src, or multiple srcs from local file system to the destination file system. Also reads input from stdin and appends to destination file system.
Exit Code:
Returns 0 on success and 1 on error.
Usage: hadoop fs -cat URI [URI ...]
Copies source paths to stdout.
Example:
Exit Code:
Returns 0 on success and -1 on error.
Usage: hadoop fs -checksum URI
Returns the checksum information of a file.
Example:
Usage: hadoop fs -chgrp [-R] GROUP URI [URI ...]
Change group association of files. The user must be the owner of files, or else a super-user. Additional information is in the Permissions Guide.
Options
Usage: hadoop fs -chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> URI [URI ...]
Change the permissions of files. With -R, make the change recursively through the directory structure. The user must be the owner of the file, or else a super-user. Additional information is in the Permissions Guide.
Options
Usage: hadoop fs -chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] URI [URI ]
Change the owner of files. The user must be a super-user. Additional information is in the Permissions Guide.
Options
Usage: hadoop fs -copyFromLocal <localsrc> URI
Similar to put command, except that the source is restricted to a local file reference.
Options:
Usage: hadoop fs -copyToLocal [-ignorecrc] [-crc] URI <localdst>
Similar to get command, except that the destination is restricted to a local file reference.
Usage: hadoop fs -count [-q] [-h] [-v] <paths>
Count the number of directories, files and bytes under the paths that match the specified file pattern. The output columns with -count are: DIR_COUNT, FILE_COUNT, CONTENT_SIZE, PATHNAME
The output columns with -count -q are: QUOTA, REMAINING_QUATA, SPACE_QUOTA, REMAINING_SPACE_QUOTA, DIR_COUNT, FILE_COUNT, CONTENT_SIZE, PATHNAME
The -h option shows sizes in human readable format.
The -v option displays a header line.
Example:
Exit Code:
Returns 0 on success and -1 on error.
Usage: hadoop fs -cp [-f] [-p | -p[topax]] URI [URI ...] <dest>
Copy files from source to destination. This command allows multiple sources as well in which case the destination must be a directory.
‘raw.*’ namespace extended attributes are preserved if (1) the source and destination filesystems support them (HDFS only), and (2) all source and destination pathnames are in the /.reserved/raw hierarchy. Determination of whether raw.* namespace xattrs are preserved is independent of the -p (preserve) flag.
Options:
Example:
Exit Code:
Returns 0 on success and -1 on error.
See HDFS Snapshots Guide.
See HDFS Snapshots Guide.
Usage: hadoop fs -df [-h] URI [URI ...]
Displays free space.
Options:
Example:
Usage: hadoop fs -du [-s] [-h] URI [URI ...]
Displays sizes of files and directories contained in the given directory or the length of a file in case its just a file.
Options:
Example:
Exit Code: Returns 0 on success and -1 on error.
Usage: hadoop fs -dus <args>
Displays a summary of file lengths.
Note: This command is deprecated. Instead use hadoop fs -du -s.
Usage: hadoop fs -expunge
Permanently delete files in checkpoints older than the retention threshold from trash directory, and create new checkpoint.
When checkpoint is created, recently deleted files in trash are moved under the checkpoint. Files in checkpoints older than fs.trash.checkpoint.interval will be permanently deleted on the next invocation of -expunge command.
If the file system supports the feature, users can configure to create and delete checkpoints periodically by the parameter stored as fs.trash.checkpoint.interval (in core-site.xml). This value should be smaller or equal to fs.trash.interval.
Refer to the HDFS Architecture guide for more information about trash feature of HDFS.
Usage: hadoop fs -find <path> ... <expression> ...
Finds all files that match the specified expression and applies selected actions to them. If no path is specified then defaults to the current working directory. If no expression is specified then defaults to -print.
The following primary expressions are recognised:
-name pattern
-iname pattern
Evaluates as true if the basename of the file matches the pattern using standard file system globbing. If -iname is used then the match is case insensitive.
-print
-print0Always
evaluates to true. Causes the current pathname to be written to standard output. If the -print0 expression is used then an ASCII NULL character is appended.
The following operators are recognised:
expression -a expression
expression -and expression
expression expression
Logical AND operator for joining two expressions. Returns true if both child expressions return true. Implied by the juxtaposition of two expressions and so does not need to be explicitly specified. The second expression will not be applied if the first fails.
Example:
hadoop fs -find / -name test -print
Exit Code:
Returns 0 on success and -1 on error.
Usage: hadoop fs -get [-ignorecrc] [-crc] <src> <localdst>
Copy files to the local file system. Files that fail the CRC check may be copied with the -ignorecrc option. Files and CRCs may be copied using the -crc option.
Example:
Exit Code:
Returns 0 on success and -1 on error.
Usage: hadoop fs -getfacl [-R] <path>
Displays the Access Control Lists (ACLs) of files and directories. If a directory has a default ACL, then getfacl also displays the default ACL.
Options:
Examples:
Exit Code:
Returns 0 on success and non-zero on error.
Usage: hadoop fs -getfattr [-R] -n name | -d [-e en] <path>
Displays the extended attribute names and values (if any) for a file or directory.
Options:
Examples:
Exit Code:
Returns 0 on success and non-zero on error.
Usage: hadoop fs -getmerge [-nl] <src> <localdst>
Takes a source directory and a destination file as input and concatenates files in src into the destination local file. Optionally -nl can be set to enable adding a newline character (LF) at the end of each file.
Examples:
Exit Code:
Returns 0 on success and non-zero on error.
Usage: hadoop fs -ls [-d] [-h] [-R] <args>
Options:
For a file ls returns stat on the file with the following format:
permissions number_of_replicas userid groupid filesize modification_date modification_time filename
For a directory it returns list of its direct children as in Unix. A directory is listed as:
permissions userid groupid modification_date modification_time dirname
Files within a directory are order by filename by default.
Example:
Exit Code:
Returns 0 on success and -1 on error.
Usage: hadoop fs -lsr <args>
Recursive version of ls.
Note: This command is deprecated. Instead use hadoop fs -ls -R
Usage: hadoop fs -mkdir [-p] <paths>
Takes path uri’s as argument and creates directories.
Options:
Example:
Exit Code:
Returns 0 on success and -1 on error.
Usage: hadoop fs -moveFromLocal <localsrc> <dst>
Similar to put command, except that the source localsrc is deleted after it’s copied.
Usage: hadoop fs -moveToLocal [-crc] <src> <dst>
Displays a “Not implemented yet” message.
Usage: hadoop fs -mv URI [URI ...] <dest>
Moves files from source to destination. This command allows multiple sources as well in which case the destination needs to be a directory. Moving files across file systems is not permitted.
Example:
Exit Code:
Returns 0 on success and -1 on error.
Usage: hadoop fs -put <localsrc> ... <dst>
Copy single src, or multiple srcs from local file system to the destination file system. Also reads input from stdin and writes to destination file system.
Exit Code:
Returns 0 on success and -1 on error.
See HDFS Snapshots Guide.
Usage: hadoop fs -rm [-f] [-r |-R] [-skipTrash] URI [URI ...]
Delete files specified as args.
If trash is enabled, file system instead moves the deleted file to a trash directory (given by FileSystem#getTrashRoot).
Currently, the trash feature is disabled by default. User can enable trash by setting a value greater than zero for parameter fs.trash.interval (in core-site.xml).
See expunge about deletion of files in trash.
Options:
Example:
Exit Code:
Returns 0 on success and -1 on error.
Usage: hadoop fs -rmdir [--ignore-fail-on-non-empty] URI [URI ...]
Delete a directory.
Options:
Example:
Usage: hadoop fs -rmr [-skipTrash] URI [URI ...]
Recursive version of delete.
Note: This command is deprecated. Instead use hadoop fs -rm -r
Usage: hadoop fs -setfacl [-R] [-b |-k -m |-x <acl_spec> <path>] |[--set <acl_spec> <path>]
Sets Access Control Lists (ACLs) of files and directories.
Options:
Examples:
Exit Code:
Returns 0 on success and non-zero on error.
Usage: hadoop fs -setfattr -n name [-v value] | -x name <path>
Sets an extended attribute name and value for a file or directory.
Options:
Examples:
Exit Code:
Returns 0 on success and non-zero on error.
Usage: hadoop fs -setrep [-R] [-w] <numReplicas> <path>
Changes the replication factor of a file. If path is a directory then the command recursively changes the replication factor of all files under the directory tree rooted at path.
Options:
Example:
Exit Code:
Returns 0 on success and -1 on error.
Usage: hadoop fs -stat [format] <path> ...
Print statistics about the file/directory at <path> in the specified format. Format accepts filesize in blocks (%b), type (%F), group name of owner (%g), name (%n), block size (%o), replication (%r), user name of owner(%u), and modification date (%y, %Y). %y shows UTC date as “yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss” and %Y shows milliseconds since January 1, 1970 UTC. If the format is not specified, %y is used by default.
Example:
Exit Code: Returns 0 on success and -1 on error.
Usage: hadoop fs -tail [-f] URI
Displays last kilobyte of the file to stdout.
Options:
Example:
Exit Code: Returns 0 on success and -1 on error.
Usage: hadoop fs -test -[defsz] URI
Options:
Example:
Usage: hadoop fs -text <src>
Takes a source file and outputs the file in text format. The allowed formats are zip and TextRecordInputStream.
Usage: hadoop fs -touchz URI [URI ...]
Create a file of zero length.
Example:
Exit Code: Returns 0 on success and -1 on error.
Usage: hadoop fs -truncate [-w] <length> <paths>
Truncate all files that match the specified file pattern to the specified length.
Options:
Example: